Multidisciplinary approach for patients predisposed to or suffering
from cancer, is essential for a better outcome. It is conducted by oncologists,
radiologists, geneticists, histopathologists, psychologists and social workers.
Oncogenetics is the use of genetic information for better screening and
management of cancer according to the genetic profile. Despite the remarkable
progress in molecular genetics, family history, pedigree analysis, clinical
data analysis, choice of the most adapted genetic test plays a major role in
patient care and choice of management plan. All these data are gathered during
oncogenetic consultation which is provided by clinical geneticist. Moreover,
announcement of genetic results should be conducted by a geneticist, since it has
to be accompanied by explanation of the results and their impacts.
Cancer is caused by genetic alteration which induces deregulation of
cellular division, cellular function and apoptosis. Genetic mutations causing
cancer can be divided into two distinct entities which are germline (inherited form)
and somatic mutations (sporadic form) inducing cancers.
Aim of
Oncogenetic Consultation
|
|
Inherited
cancer
|
Sporadic
cancer
|
1.
Accurate assessment of cancer risk
2.
Focus monitoring / prevention measures for
carriers
3.
Reassure non carrier
4.
Precise calculation of risk of transmission
to offspring
5.
The right to know
|
1.
Genetic profiling of tumor through genetic
biomarkers
2.
Differentiate between hereditary and
sporadic cancers
3.
Guide patient’s management plan with other
specialists
4.
Monitor treatment
|
In g
In germline mutation, an inherited alteration of
tumor suppressor gene or oncogene is
inherited from one of the parents resulting in early or multiple
development of cancer(s) in the same family (inherited cancer). However, this
represents 5-10% of all cancer cases. Moreover, development of cancer in such
genetically predisposed individuals depends on penetrance of the mutated gene. On
the other hand, in somatic mutation, alteration of oncogenes or other cell
regulators is induced mainly by environmental factors (sporadic cancer).
Written and edited by Dr Azza Attia
European Board Certified Consultant
of Medical Genetics
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